Reading response paper 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perusing reaction paper 2 - Assignment Example It never made a difference if a bit of work was elaborate or illustrative, however the essentialness was the nature of aliveness. The quality that shows up from aesthetic worth doesn't really rely upon topic or theme. The main endeavor to think of practical scenes in a pictorial structure is found during the time of warring states (The Great Painters of China 3). The scenes are found in mitigate and intaglio on bronze, which speak to the figures of warriors, trackers, pontoons men, and performers. Figure 6 is a dirt title from Szechwam that shows less impressive articles. These items are an away from of birds’ trackers at the lake at the upper side while the lower side is a portrayal of individuals gathering in the field. The lake is represented by blossoming lotus and huge fish as opposed to being spoken to. Then again, the sky is loaded with wild ducks in flight and there is no appearance of a far off shoreline (The Great Painters of China 5). The reapers are seen remaining on an inclined position and this is apparent through straightforward gadget diminishing lines of the plants on them. What's more, while the vast majority of the figures are seen on a nonexistent ground close to the lower edge, one of the men is seen at the more profound space. Initially, it is obvious that painting was focused on decorative structure. Be that as it may, during the early pieces of Han administration, there was a change by portrayal of reality in pictorial structure from different sources. The most significant thing was making expressive discussion. The scene appeared in figure 13 speaks to the narrative of a grandson Yuan Ku who in a time of starvation spared his granddad from passing on in the wild. What's more, he spared his dad from the blame of parricide. At the left half of the image, the granddad is seen hunching down surrendered under a cedar tree by the stream. Yuan Ku picks an unfilled cot to proceed to bring his granddad, however his dad shouts at him saying that the

A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay -- Philosophy Essays

A Unique and Meaningful Life An exceptional and important life is good with the idea of a good agent’s deliberative casing. With regards to this declaration, I will contend for Barbara Herman’s Kantian conversation of good commitment, which proposes that ethical clash happens in the agent’s grounds of commitment. Grounds of commitment are realities perceived and considered by the specialist during moral thought; they are â€Å"facts of a specific sort. They have moral hugeness in light of the fact that they are characterizing highlights of our (human) discerning natures that limit what we can objectively will (as characterized by the CI procedure)† (318).[1] The grounds are not purposes behind acting yet are guides for pondering; the realities considered in a given circumstance are established in one’s deliberative edge, to be specific issues of significance to the good agent.[2] Similar to Herman’s safeguard of Kant, I will contend that ethical clash may happen among th e grounds of commitment in the agent’s deliberative edge, yet never in one’s obligation in light of the fact that the CI will consistently decide just a single good commitment. I will at that point foresee two reactions to counter Herman’s resistance of Kant. The principal analysis suggests that the individual field of pondering - that contains â€Å"not just [the agent’s] intrigue and private ventures yet additionally the interests of others as potential wellsprings of cases on [the agent’s] activities and resources† (331) - can prompt clashing suspicions about obligations in the citizenry all in all. Also, the subsequent analysis emerges from Herman’s dismissal of the sentiment of blame in the Kantian model, in circumstances of good conflict.[3] The pundits I present acknowledge that the ethical specialist has her very own existence following from the idea... ... 1990. Notes: [1] Throughout my paper, I will utilize â€Å"CI† as short structure for Kant’s Categorical Imperative [2] I will utilize both female and male subjects when alluding to the ethical specialist [3] A â€Å"field of deliberation† is another method of characterizing the â€Å"deliberative frame† (as depicted above); both contain grounds of commitment when alluding to the contemplations taken by the ethical specialist during her pondering [4] Basically there are just two choices since given the chance, she should spare one. [5] Restitution and Remainder are terms that need not be characterized since my foreseen pundits will concentrate on the thought of blame. [6] It might appear that the sentiment of blame is superfluous to the conversation of an agent’s deliberative casing; in any case, the subsequent pundit trusts that finding a blemish in Herman’s contention will prompt a dismissal of the idea. A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay - Philosophy Essays A Unique and Meaningful Life A remarkable and significant life is perfect with the idea of a good agent’s deliberative edge. With regards to this statement, I will contend for Barbara Herman’s Kantian conversation of good commitment, which recommends that ethical clash happens in the agent’s grounds of commitment. Grounds of commitment are realities perceived and considered by the specialist during moral pondering; they are â€Å"facts of a specific sort. They have moral essentialness since they are characterizing highlights of our (human) sound natures that limit what we can reasonably will (as characterized by the CI procedure)† (318).[1] The grounds are not purposes behind acting however are guides for pondering; the realities considered in a given circumstance are established in one’s deliberative edge, to be specific issues of significance to the good agent.[2] Similar to Herman’s resistance of Kant, I will contend that ethical clash may happen among the grounds of commitment in the agent’s deliberative casing, yet never in one’s obligation in light of the fact that the CI will consistently decide just a single good commitment. I will at that point envision two reactions to counter Herman’s barrier of Kant. The principal analysis suggests that the individual field of thought - that contains â€Å"not just [the agent’s] intrigue and private tasks yet in addition the interests of others as potential wellsprings of cases on [the agent’s] activities and resources† (331) - can prompt clashing suspicions about obligations in the citizenry in general. What's more, the subsequent analysis emerges from Herman’s dismissal of the sentiment of blame in the Kantian model, in circumstances of good conflict.[3] The pundits I present acknowledge that the ethical operator has her very own existence following from the idea... ... 1990. Notes: [1] Throughout my paper, I will utilize â€Å"CI† as short structure for Kant’s Categorical Imperative [2] I will utilize both female and male subjects when alluding to the ethical operator [3] A â€Å"field of deliberation† is another method of characterizing the â€Å"deliberative frame† (as depicted above); both contain grounds of commitment when alluding to the contemplations taken by the ethical operator during her pondering [4] Basically there are just two alternatives since given the chance, she should spare one. [5] Restitution and Remainder are terms that need not be characterized since my foreseen pundits will concentrate on the thought of blame. [6] It might appear that the sentiment of blame is unessential to the conversation of an agent’s deliberative casing; notwithstanding, the subsequent pundit trusts that finding a defect in Herman’s contention will prompt a dismissal of the idea.

Understanding Cognitive Dissonance (and Why it Occurs in Most People)

Understanding Cognitive Dissonance (and Why it Occurs in Most People) There is a popular kids’ story about a fox and some grapes. According to the story, the famished fox prowls the forests looking for something to fill his stomach. Luckily, the fox chances upon a vine with some ripe and juicy grapes. His hunger pushing him, the fox rushes to the vine.Unfortunately, the grapes are dangling from a branch that is a bit lofty. The fox takes a few steps back and leaps into the air, his jaws snapping as he tries to reach the grapes.Too bad.The grapes are just beyond his reach. Not one to give up easily, the fox tries to reach the grapes again, but for all his efforts, he can’t reach the grapes. After several unsuccessful attempts, the fox finally gives up. As he wanders off into the forest to search for something else to fill his stomach, the fox tells himself that the grapes were probably sour anyway. Why does he say this, when he knows for a fact that the grapes were looking ripe and juicy?Closer to home, away from the forests, all of us have had simi lar experiences. Almost everyone knows someone who has refused to give up smoking, even if the person knows smoking is not good for him or her. Despite all the scientific evidence showing the effects of smoking, the person convinces himself that smoking is not that bad for him.Other times, we do things that leave us feeling bad or guilty. For instance, you might decide to skip on your gym session so that you can catch an extra episode of the TV show you are watching on Netflix. Since you had made a commitment to yourself to go to the gym every day, you are left with a feeling of guilt even as you watch the TV show.Why does this happen? Why does the fox say the grapes are probably sour? Why does your friend justify his or her smoking even why they know it is harmful to their health? Why do you feel guilty after missing your gym session to catch a TV show? The answer to all these questions is something known as cognitive dissonance.WHAT IS COGNITIVE DISSONANCE? Cognitive dissonance re fers to the feelings of discomfort that arise when a person’s behavior or attitude is in conflict with the person’s values and beliefs, or when new information that is contrary to their beliefs is presented to them. People like consistency. They want the assurance that their values and beliefs have always been right. They always want to act in ways that are in line with their beliefs. When their beliefs are challenged, or when their behavior is not aligned with their beliefs, this creates a disagreement (dissonance).Since the dissonance is an uncomfortable feeling, the person must either change their behavior, their attitude or their belief in order to reduce the dissonance and restore balance. The uncomfortable feeling caused by cognitive dissonance might manifest itself as stress, anxiety, regret, shame, embarrassment, or feelings of negative self-worth.This explains why you feel bad when you miss your gym session. Since you believe going to the gym is good for your health and fitness, missing the gym for a TV show goes against your beliefs, causing an uncomfortable feeling. Since the smoker friend knows that smoking is bad and yet loves smoking, he tries to change his beliefs by convincing himself that smoking is not that bad. And unable to reach the grapes, the fox changes his attitude and convinces himself that the grapes were sour anyway.The first person to investigate cognitive dissonance was a psychologist known as Leon Festinger. Festinger infiltrated a cult where the members were convinced that the earth would be destroyed by a flood before the dawn of 21 December 1954.According to the cult leader, true believers would be rescued by a flying saucer and taken to a planet known as Clarion. In anticipation for the flood, some of the more committed members of the cult left their jobs, schools and spouses and gave away their money and possessions.Too bad for them, since the flood never came.However, this is where things get interesting. While the non- committed members who had not given up their lives realized that the cult leader had made fools out of them, the more committed members were convinced that their faithfulness saved the world. Rather than accept their belief was wrong, they found a way to explain the events in a way that preserved their belief system.After conducting a number of experiments, Leon Festinger came up with the theory of cognitive dissonance. According to the theory, every person has an innate drive to maintain an internal consistency of cognitions and to avoid a state of tension.Every person has an inner need to keep their beliefs and behaviors consistent. Any inconsistency caused by conflicting beliefs and behaviors causes a tension or disharmony. Just like hunger leads to an activity meant to reduce this hunger, the tension caused by cognitive dissonance will lead to an activity meant to reduce this tension.Since the avoidance of cognitive dissonance is an innate desire, cognitive dissonance has a very powerful influence on our actions and behaviors. It affects our evaluations, judgments and decisions. It also explains many common but irrational human tendencies, such as justification, rationalization and our constantly shifting beliefs and attitudes.For instance, someone who buys an expensively priced shoe from a luxury store when he could have bought the same shoe at a lower price from a different store convinces himself that the cheaper shoe is a fake to justify his purchase, even when there is no difference between the shoes.Similarly, a person who believes that good diet is good for health but loves eating junk food will experience cognitive dissonance. To reduce the tension, the person might reduce the amount of junk she consumes each week. In this case, the cognitive dissonance has provided motivation for her to change her Lifestyle.CAUSES OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCECognitive dissonance occurs when you find yourself in situations where there is an inconsistency between your va lues, beliefs, attitudes and actions. Such situations might be brought about by:Forced Compliance BehaviorForced compliance behavior refers to situations where a person is forced to perform actions that are not consistent with his or her beliefs. Consider an accountant who is told to cover up an instance of financial misappropriation by her boss. The accountant believes this is wrong, yet she might be forced to do it in order to retain her job.This leads to cognitive dissonance.Decision MakingDecisions are part of life. You have to make hundreds of decisions to get through each day. What you may not know is that decision making arouses dissonance as a general rule. This is because all decisions involve choosing between two or more alternatives. Each alternative has its pros and cons. Choosing one alternative means you will forego all the advantages of the unchosen alternative, while at the same time guaranteeing you the disadvantages of your chosen decision, something known as decis ion opportunity cost.This is what causes the dissonance. The more attractive or similar the two alternatives are, the more the cognitive dissonance you experience. To reduce this dissonance, people end up justifying their decisions, even in situations where they clearly made the worse decision.Let’s assume you have to choose between two jobs. One job is located in a third world country, but the pay is quite good. The other job is in your hometown, but the pay is not really what you would have wished for. If you take the job in the third world country, you will earn enough money in a few years to allow you buy to your dream home, but you will be away from your family and friends. If you take the job closer to home, you will be around your family and friends, but you won’t be able to afford your dream home.This can create a great deal of dissonance, since you want to be close to friends and family, while you also want to be able to buy your dream home. Once you make your decision â€" regardless of what you choose â€" you will find yourself justifying the decision. Your mind will find ways of supporting the decision to make you feel satisfied that you made the right decision.EffortHumans have a tendency to value achievements based on the amount of effort it took to achieve them. A person who had to save for 10 years to buy a Ferrari will value it more than that young man who made millions from cryptocurrencies within four months and bought himself a similar Ferrari.Things that take considerable effort are valued higher because we would experience dissonance if we spent a great deal of effort only to make a minor achievement.Unfortunately, the world does not always work this way. Sometimes, we put in a lot of effort only to get a dismal outcome. Expectedly, this leads to dissonance. In order to reduce this dissonance, we either convince ourselves that the outcome was okay, that we didn’t really expend a lot of effort, or that the effort was enjoyable. This i s referred to as effort justification.Gaining New InformationAnother major cause of cognitive dissonance is coming across information that goes against our beliefs. Let’s consider the example of Festinger’s cultists from the 1950s. These group of people believed that there would be a flood and that a flying saucer would come to their rescue. Come the morning of 21st December, there was neither a flood nor a UFO. This new information was against their beliefs, resulting in cognitive dissonance.To reduce their discomfort, the cultists then convinced themselves that the world was saved because of their faith, and they embarked on a new mission to spread the word to the world.FACTORS INFLUENCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCEThe degree of cognitive dissonance experienced by a person varies depending on the particular situation that caused the dissonance and the circumstances surrounding the situation. The intensity of the cognitive dissonance experienced is generally affected by the following factors:Personal cognitions, such as beliefs about self and personal values result in a higher degree of cognitive dissonance. People don’t like looking dumb, dishonest or unethical, therefore they will be very uncomfortable about any dissonance that threatens their self-image.The importance of the cognition. Generally, if the belief or value is highly valued, then the resulting dissonance will be stronger.The disparity between the consonant (harmonious) belief and the dissonant (conflicting) thoughts, action or information. The greater the disparity, the greater the dissonance.The possibility of explaining the dissonance in other ways. If there are multiple ways for explaining away the dissonance, then the intensity of the dissonance will be minimized.The ramifications of the decision, as well as the ease with which the consequences of the decision can be undone. Permanent decisions with significant ramifications tend to cause stronger dissonance.These factors determine the infl uence the dissonance and the lengths to which we will go to reduce or eliminate the discomfort. The stronger the dissonance, the more pressure there is to reduce the tension.HOW TO RECOGNIZE COGNITIVE DISSONANCECognitive dissonance is natural, and everyone goes through varying degrees of dissonance on a daily basis, depending on the different situations we find ourselves in and the beliefs being challenged. Often, the degree of dissonance is so insignificant that our minds resolve it without us being remotely aware that we were experiencing cognitive dissonance.Sometimes, however, the feeling of discomfort becomes strong enough that you become aware that something is not right, even if you might not recognize that you are experiencing cognitive dissonance.So, how can you tell with certainty when you are experiencing cognitive dissonance? Below are some common signs that signify dissonance:Feeling squeamish or uncomfortable: Have you ever felt an uncomfortable feeling in the pit of y our stomach right before or right after doing something or making a decision? More often than not, this is a sign that you are experiencing cognitive dissonance.Conflict avoidance: Some people don’t like conflicts or confrontations at all. When faced with a potential confrontational situation, they choose the path of least resistance, which is to avoid the conflict. Conflict avoidance can also be a sign of cognitive dissonance. Instead of facing the situation, they decide to avoid the mental anguish associated with the conflict.Ignoring the facts: Another sure sign of cognitive dissonance is ignoring the facts and making decisions that are wrong from a rational point of view. For instance, an obese person may continue consuming junk food even when they have been warned by the doctor that it will have adverse effects on their health.Rationalization: If you make a decision and then find yourself convincing yourself that you made the right decision, that right there is an indicator o f cognitive dissonance.FOMO: This is known as the fear of missing out. How many times have you ended up going up to the club with your friends when you know that you should be saving that money? The fear of missing out causes you to do something that is against your belief in order to look cool or to impress your friends. That is cognitive dissonance right there.Shame: When we do something that goes against our beliefs, especially our personal beliefs, we end up with a feeling of shame. Even after trying to rationalize what you did, you still feel remorse for it and may even want to hide your choices or actions from other people.Guilt: Doing something that is against your beliefs is also often accompanied by feelings of guilt. You feel that you messed up, that you should have done something else instead. The cognitive dissonance before such an action is usually signified by anxiety right before the action, followed by guilt after the action is done. This is usually followed by justi fication as you try to alleviate the guilt.WAYS OF REDUCING COGNITIVE DISSONANCEWhen there is a conflict between a person’s beliefs, thoughts, opinions and actions, the theory of cognitive dissonance claims that the person will take some steps in order to reduce the dissonance and the associated feelings of discomfort. There are three common reactions to cognitive dissonance. These are:Change The Dissonant BeliefsThis is the simplest and most effective way of resolving cognitive dissonance. Let’s consider your smoker friend. The friend is addicted to cigarettes, yet the cigarette pack contains a warning that smoking is harmful for health. This creates dissonance. He may look for new information that might override the belief that smoking is harmful.If he, for instance, comes across an article that claims that research has not shown a definite link between smoking and lung cancer, such information might result in him changing the belief that smoking is harmful to his health, ther eby reducing the dissonance.While changing the dissonant belief is the simplest way of reducing dissonance, it is not the most common. This is because, in most cases, people are not so willing to change their beliefs, especially the fundamental beliefs that they have formed since their childhood. This leads to the second reaction.Change The Conflicting Action Or BehaviorIf the person cannot find any new information to help them change his or her beliefs, the person can still solve the dissonance by getting rid of the action or behavior that causes the dissonance. Let’s take a look at our smoker friend again.Assuming that he couldn’t find any concrete information to make him change the belief that smoking is harmful to his health, our friend has the option of quitting smoking. Unfortunately, our friend is addicted to smoking, therefore quitting smoking will be a difficult thing for him. Just like our friend, many people do not successfully eliminate dissonance by changing their a ctions or behavior. This is because changing well-learned behaviors is not easy.Sometimes, the conflicting behavior or action might even have some benefit for the person (for example, a person who cheats in an exam). In such instances, the person needs a way to eliminate the dissonance without changing their beliefs or behavior, which leads us to the third method.Reduce The Significance Of The Conflicting BeliefThis is the most common method of reducing cognitive dissonance. With this method, the person changes how they perceive the conflicting belief or behavior. In other words, they find a way of rationalizing the conflicting cognition.Once again, let’s consider our smoker friend. Without any information to help him change his belief and unable to quit smoking, he might justify his smoking by saying that the world is full of health risks and he cannot realistically avoid all of them.Alternatively, he might tell himself that it is better to live a short life full of pleasure (smo king) than to live a long life without the pleasures. In so doing, he is reducing the significance of the belief that smoking is bad for his health.REAL-LIFE EXAMPLES OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCEBelow are some examples of cognitive dissonance in everyday life:Imagine a situation where a person gets hurt by their partner. You will hear most of them say that they should not have ignored the red flags. This is cognitive dissonance at play. The person actually sees signs that the partner has some negative traits, but since the person is in love, he or she convinces himself that they are temporary, or that the good traits of the partner overweigh these signs. This is the same reason why people stay in abusive relationships. For instance, a lady who gets hit by her lover after being in a relationship for a year experiences cognitive dissonance because she loves her partner but doesn’t love his behavior. To reduce the dissonance, she might overlook getting hurt and look at the positive traits of the partner. In so doing, the lady opts to stay with an abusive partner.Asked to compare their current partner and their ex, most people will rate their current partner highly, regardless of the actual differences between the two partners. Having made the decision to leave the ex and hook up with the current partner, people romanticize the current partner in order to be satisfied that they made the right decision.Imagine a HR manager who is ordered to dismiss an employee due to misconduct, even if there is no evidence showing any misconduct by the employee. The lack of evidence and the HR manager’s moral views of right and wrong may lead to cognitive dissonance. If he doesn’t follow the wishes of the board, the HR manager might be placing his own job on the line as well. This intensifies the dissonance and might even result in the HR manager experiencing stress.Most people with addictions know that the addictions are bad for them, yet they still want to indulge in their addi ctions, leading to cognitive dissonance. Many of them find ways of rationalizing or justifying their addictions, which makes it even harder for them to stop the addiction.WRAPPING UPCognitive dissonance is the feeling of discomfort we feel when our actions and behavior are not aligned with our beliefs and values. This feeling of discomfort is so great that cognitive dissonance can have a very significant influence on our decisions and the actions we take.Cognitive dissonance can also be used to manipulate us into doing things we do not want to.Becoming aware of the effect of cognitive dissonance on our decisions and understanding how we can overcome it can help us make better decisions and help us make positive behavior changes rather than continue lying to ourselves.

Essay about Stanley Tookie Williams - 943 Words

Stanley Tookie Williams III Stanley Tookie Williams III was born on December 29th 1953 in New Orleans, Louisiana to a younger mother at 17. The family was abounded by his father in 1959. Shortly after his father leaving the family him and his mother boarded a Greyhound bus headed to Los Angles in hope to find a better life for them both. As I young child he found it more interesting to be in the street than be at home. He had become the new kid on which led him to be subjected to the neighborhood bullies. He quickly learned how to defend himself threw fighting. He was fighting neighborhood bullies at age six. Learning how to fight at age six is a bit ridiculous. As a member of the black male species living in the ghetto he would†¦show more content†¦In 1979 Washington was shot and killed, which was blamed on the Hover faction of the Hoover faction of the Crips, which led to war between Hoover and other factions of the Crips. No arrests were made, but theories state that Washington knew his killer. Williams and some of his fellow member were high on PCP-laced cigarettes, than drove to a convince store and robed it. Williams than took the storeowner to the while the others robbed the store, shot out the security cameras and than released two bullets execution-style shot to the back. They only profited 120 dollars from the robbery. Prosecutors than say Williams broke into a hotel office Brookhaven and shot and killed three members of the family who owned the motel. The gun used was linked to Williams’s shotgun and several gang members testified that Williams was indeed bragged about it. Williams denied this shooting as well, claiming that other members of the gang framed him. In 1981, Williams was convicted of murder and two counts of robbery in the Los Angles superior Court, which he was sentenced to death. On April 20th he was sent to San Quentin to sit on death row. Williams didn’t adjust well to prison life, and by the mid 80’s he was given six and a half years in solitary confinement fro multiple assaults n guards and fellow inmates. After about two years in confinement he started examined his life’s choices and repented for his actions. He attributed his transformedShow MoreRelatedStanley Tookie Williams Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Tookie Williams III was born on December 29, 1953 in New Orleans, Louisiana. At the age of six he moved to South Centrals West Side neighborhood in Los Angeles. He was known as a fighter and running the streets of South Centrals Westside. He attended John C. Freemont High School but was expelled and never graduated. The Crips started when the Baby Avenues were formed by Ray Washington in 1969. Tookie joined him in 1971 and formed the West side portion of what is now known as the CripsRead MoreStanley Williams: Murderer, Thief, Philanthropist2282 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Stanley Williams – Murderer, Thief, Philanthropist.† This was how a bibliography website described the occupation of Stanley Williams. It was very bizarre to see those three strikingly different words in the same sentence because they don’t normally belong together. Stanley Williams was not at all what anyone would classify as normal though. He grew up with very bizarre living conditions. Stanley Williams was born on December 23rd 1953 in New Orleans, Louisiana. His father left the family earlyRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of The Act Of Capital Punishment On Prisoners1422 Words   |  6 Pagessentenced they could sleep better’ Stanley ‘Tookie’ Williams was the co-founder of Los Angeles Crips, a street gang which operated in Los Angeles. In 1981 Stanley Williams was convicted of murdering four people during two robberies and was sentenced to death. He was described as ‘Cold blooded killer’ by his prosecutors with no regard for human life. Throughout the procedure he always maintained that he was innocent and never apologised. But whilst he was on death row, Tookie wrote 9 children books to educateRead MoreBehavior, Lack Of Self Control And Behavior982 Words   |  4 Pagesperson’s behavior. Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams was a co-founder of a street gang in California called the crips’s, he was sentenced to the death penalty on 4 counts of murder. Although he maintains his innocents on the crimes, he does not deny the generating of a country wide gang. His behavior changed after being imprisoned, instead of fostering the criminal activities of gangs he started participating in truces and anti-gang advocacies. In the interview with Documentary Now! Tookie describes his bleekRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Banned1515 Words   |  7 Pagessentence is the case of Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams. Tookie is also known as one of the early leaders of Los Angeles’ â€Å"West Side Crip† Gang, notorious for their rivalry with a gang known as the â€Å"Bloods†. Tookie was sentenced for the murders of four individuals from three different crimes he had committed, a botched robbery that resulted in no deaths, the murder of Albert Lewis Owens a Caucasian 7/11 employee, and the murder of three Taiwanese immigrants. An article titled, â€Å"DOES TOOKIE DESERVE TO DIE?† byRead MoreTaking a Look at Violence1415 Words   |  6 Pageshas become a major problem throughout various neighborhoods across the United States. There are at least 21,500 gangs and more than 731,000 active gang members, according to the Departm ent of Justices 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment (Cherish Stanley-Stanford). There are numerous reasons as to why people join gangs but the key reasons are, poverty, boredom, peer pressure, and despair (why people join). Gangs usually exist in poor and badly maintained areas. People who are struggling with makingRead MoreCriminal Justice Seventh Edition, Individual Liberty And Privacy851 Words   |  4 Pagesaccess to religious programs, according to a prisoner who spent the majority of his life on death row, prison can drive a person to insanity. Stanley â€Å"tookie† Williams, the cofounder of the gang â€Å"crips† throughout his memoir Life in Prison, states that prison is a repetitive cycle on a daily basis involving the same actions over and over again (Samaha, Williams). Doing the same thing over and over can become monotonous; if activities such as school, work, or hobbies can become a source of unchangingRead MoreSolitary Confinement, By F. Scott Fitzgerald1311 Words   |  6 Pagesuntil they are determined to be safe around other people. The feelings projected by the men being interviewed in the documentary tie in with the feelings that Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams expressed in his book, Life in Prison. All of the inmates, including Stanley, acknowledged that solitary confinement, or the hole, causes people to go crazy. Stanley complained of the small cells and how it made many men go stir crazy. In the film, they showed exactly how small the cells are and the limited room for activityRead MoreMy First Paid Teaching Job907 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence, child abuse, the impact of media and the prison industry which angered and upset many parents who believed that these were adult issues and not fit for their children. Also teaching her students about convicted killer activist Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams after being asked about him by a few students which led to letter writing campaign by the students to the Governor of California at the time, Arnold Schwarzenegger was heavily frowned upon. They asked about the then current update on hisRead MoreWhy is there so much poverty in the United States? Essays991 Words   |  4 Pagesovercrowded penal systems filled with gang members serving sentences for a variety of crimes. Under these conditions, many states have prisoners awaiting their punishments on death row. According to an article INSIDE DEATH ROW/At San Quentin, â€Å"Stanley Tookie Williams a prisoner at San Quentins Death Row and co-founder of the Crips gang in Los Angeles, was sentenced to death for murdering a convenience store clerk in Whittier (Los Angeles County) and two motel owners and their daughter during robberies

Gender Differences In Women - 1060 Words

Discussion This integrative review explores the difference of the onset-to-hospital arrival time between females and males with acute strokes. The results demonstrate that the means and medians of the hospital arrival times among female patients seem to have more delay than male patients, particularly in the Asian-Pacific region. However, the various evidences show that gender difference is not statistically significant. Among thirteen articles that showed gender differences in pre-hospital delay time, 9 studies indicate that females are more likely to have significant hospital presentation delay. On the contrary, 4 published articles have found more delay in males. There could be various factors that possibly contribute to different†¦show more content†¦Advanced age is likely to be a cause of pre-hospital delay in females. Several included studies have demonstrated that women were significantly older than men. In elderly patients, the decision-making ability is deteriorated that could lead to a delay to seek medical help. Additionally, some reports in this review have presented that elderly females with acute stroke are more likely to live alone than males. Furthermore, the earlier research has reported that acute stroke patients who lived alone were 2.63 times more likely to have longer hospital arrival times than patients who lived with others (p 0.001). Thus, one possible cause of the d elay time in females could be living alone. Despite most reports in the United State that found gender equality in pre-hospital arrival time, only one study addressed Mexican American females were less likely to arrive at the hospital within 3 hours than males. The rate of EMS use by Mexican Americans was also lower than non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, 5 out of 9 studies that collected data in Asian-Pacific countries found more delay in women. Likewise, the previous research has suggested that the racial and geographic factors might affect hospital delay. For instance, Govindarajan (2015) has found the lower correct recognition of stroke symptoms in Hispanic and Asian patients. Similarly, a national survey by the American Heart Association reported that both knowledge of theShow MoreRelatedGender Differences, Gender, And Women885 Words   |  4 PagesThemes, surround men in the 1900s when they did not respect women out of there wifely duties. In the 1900s women generally had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men . Wifehood and motherhood were regarded as female’s professions. â€Å"A man in the 19th century owned his wife and children as he did his material possessions.†(Susan gazelles). Most middle and upper class women had servants to do some or all of the housework. 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EspeciallyRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women1185 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial and intriguing at the same time. This study approached the hypothesis of gender differences between men and women in spiritual well-being. The study used the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Ellison, 1983) and assessed 75 college students in the survey. The study resulted in data that confirmed the hypothesis that men and women do not have any significant differences in spiritual well-being. â€Æ' Gender Differences in Spiritual Well-Being The examination of spiritual well-being has been a long andRead MoreGender Differences Between Men And Women892 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of the standard definition, gender differences cause the meaning of attractiveness to vary among society. Cultural influences suggest that the â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder† is false. Aside from the specific guidelines towards what men and women perceive, men take attractiveness more serious than do women. 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The rise of Renaissance culture Free Essays

The rise of Renaissance culture was predetermined by the assortment of disparate events and ideas surfacing during the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries. The most important concept to come out of all the innovative developments of the late fourteenth century was a renewed belief in the power and the majesty of the human being. An interest to individuality was a line of demarcation between the medieval period, where God was the center, and the epoch of Renaissance. We will write a custom essay sample on The rise of Renaissance culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Renaissance is viewed as culmination of a general rebirth of humanistic pursuits and a freeing of the artist from the restrictive dogma of the medieval Church. The status of art and the artist shifted significantly and our contemporary views on both are based very much on certain assumptions about the role of art in culture that were first developed during the Renaissance. It was in the Renaissance that the role of artist went from simple maker to that of creator (with individual genius) – the appellation once reserved only to God. As a consequence, art took on even greater significance becoming not only an expression of its age and its means of production but also the very embodiment of genius. Filippo Brunelleschi fairly takes the place of such a genius. It was he, the Italian architect and sculptor, who made revolutionary discoveries in architecture. This Florentine was the first and perhaps the most distinguished of the Renaissance architects. The best support for the veracity of this statement is Brunelleschi’s solution for the dome of Florence Cathedral, the building that made him most complete and representative Renaissance artist. The story of Brunelleschi’s success begins with his failure. In 1401 the competition for a pair of bronze doors for Baptistery was announced (Web Gallery of Art). This was to be one of the greatest competitions at the age, and it pitted two of Florence’s most talented young artists against each other: Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. The competition asked each artist to submit design of cast bronze around the subject of the sacrifice of Isaac. Brunelleschi lost the bid. But this perhaps initial loss was the Renaissance’s gain in that his later discoveries in architecture were to prove revolutionary. At the time of competition the Florence Cathedral was still unfinished. The problem was how to successfully bridge the enormous area of central tower without the use of flying buttresses, which were out of question because of their obvious incompatibility with the beautiful Romanesque marble exterior. Brunelleschi studied many ancient building projects in Rome such a Parthenon and suggested that a dome could in fact be built without the visual distraction created by buttressing. His answer was the implementation of classical vaulting techniques. Thus Brunelleschi’s innovative design provided further evidence of the new sensibility of Renaissance art. Brunelleschi understood that the principles of buttressing were useful in spreading the enormous weight of a dome over a greater expanse – thereby alleviating much of stress on the walls and foundation of the structure. He thus concluded that the tall supporting walls of the dome had to be constructed with tribunes, small offshooting extensions from the original walls, which would act as the original buttress, to disperse weight over a wider area. In this way Brunelleschi manipulated the basic tenets of medieval cathedral construction to better serve the interests of the new church. Clearly, however, it was the dome itself that created such awe among the Florentines. No structure like it had been attempted in Europe since antiquity, and never before on such an immense scale. In 1420 he began to build the Cathedral dome, a vast octagonal structure crowned by an enormous lantern designed by Brunelleschi alone. His solution was to create a dome within a dome, which would further support the exterior weight effectively while removing the need for interior armatures or any other superfluous accessories that would distract from the simplicity of the construction. The outer dome was thus constructed as a light skin or cover, exhibiting great visual authority over the Florence skyline. The use of â€Å"spiraling courses of herringbone brickwork, iron chains and sloping masonry rings to bind the dome together, and ribs joining the shells† (King, 87) are his inventions, although owe much to his studies of Roman structures. Brunelleschi’s genius lay in his abilities to combine ancient and modern aesthetic, architectural, and engineering principles. The result was a resurgence in dome architecture, since now architects possessed both the skill and technical know-how to attempt structures which had only years before been thought impossible. In the words of Vasari, Brunelleschi â€Å"was sent by Heaven to invest architecture with new forms, after it had wandered astray for many centuries† (Vasari, 104). The ‘new forms’ were those of Classical antiquity, which Brunelleschi applied to such building types as cathedrals and basilican churches for which there were no ancient precedents. In these schemes he was the first since antiquity to make use of the Classical orders; at the same time he employed a proportional system of his own invention, in which all units were related to a simple module, the mathematical characteristics of which informed the entire structure. Brunelleschi worked almost exclusively in Florence, and many features link his architecture with the Romanesque heritage of that city. Nevertheless, he was beyond question responsible for initiating the rediscovery of ancient Roman architecture. He understood its inherent principles and he employed them in an original manner for the building tasks of his own day. So what we may conclude from Brunelleschi’s technical breakthrough that in the best way complied with Renaissance requirements? First, it must be remembered that had it not been for the renewed interest in Classical thought and culture, it is doubtful that artist like Brunelleschi would have sought inspiration from Roman architecture such as a Pantheon. It was not that artists and architects had not been interested in such building solutions before Brunelleschi comes on the scene, but simply that most looked toward more spiritual and divine art forms. Brunelleschi’s dome is by design a stable and symmetrical structure. It possesses attributes that visually mimic the emerging Renaissance ideas of harmony and equilibrium over the obedience and superstition that had marked the previous age. In this way, the innovative dome construction situates itself as a vivid reminder of the greatest influences its creator had in his time. Works Cited Page King, Ross Brunelleschi’s Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture, New York: Walker and Company, 2000 Vasari, Giorgio. The Lives of the Artists. Transl. by Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998 â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Biography† from Web Gallery of Art Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /bio/b/brunelle/biograph. html â€Å"Brunelleschi’s Cupola† from Florence Art Guide Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://www. mega. it/eng/egui/monu/bdd. htm â€Å"Filippo Brunelleschi† from Wikipedia Retrieved Nov 7, 2006 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi How to cite The rise of Renaissance culture, Papers

Tourism and Indigenous People in marketing in general

Tourism is a process that involves traveling from one place to another and from one destination to another destination, mainly and especially for leisure, business, and even for recreational purposes within a period that is not more than one year.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and Indigenous People in marketing in general specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It also involves occupation and business process of getting information, accommodation, and even transportation services in a place temporarily. Moreover, tourism involves a short time movement from a place that is outside one’s residential area and work place to another place. There are various forms and types of tourism, which make tourism an enjoyable activity. To begin with, there is domestic tourism that involves the movement of a tourist to destinations only within his or her country (without going to another country) for pleasure or other recreational purposes. This is also known as indigenous tourism, since it involves touring around the local place. Another form of tourism is inbound tourism, which involves a nonresident of a country traveling and touring places in the host country mainly for recreational purposes and other tourist services. Lastly, there is outbound tourism that involves the resident of a country moving from his or her country to another country for pleasure and exploration of other tourist services in another country. Therefore, tourism involves movement from one destination to another away from an individual residential area to another place. In this movement, we meet indigenous people in their communities, resulting into interaction between tourists and the indigenous people. This paper will discuss some of the effects of tourism on indigenous people. My first experience when traveling as a tourist was challenging, but I came to understand that tourism is one of the activities that have many be nefits and some challenges to the indigenous people of the community I visited. To begin with, from my experience, I found out that tourism has social, economic, and cultural effects on indigenous people. Tourism is one of the sectors that require more attention in order to understand the role that indigenous people play in the tourism sector and the relationship between them, hence coming up with the best implications from the issues discovered (Butler, 2007). The first benefit I realized is economic benefit of tourism. Most of research publications show that the major benefit of tourism is the capital and money that tourists always spend on their journeys, through buying of food, accommodation, and other services. This money is always used by the indigenous people to cater for other basic needs, hence leading to economic development and alleviation of poverty levels for the indigenous people (Butler, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if w e can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, tourism is one of the sectors that benefit the indigenous people through the provision of revenue and employment, especially to the local people around the tourist destinations. This reduces unemployment cases in most countries, leading to increased economic growth of the country (Butler, 2007). Thirdly, tourism leads to cultural benefits; for example, when a tourist visits an area, there is usually emergence of diversity of culture due to intermarriages and other social experiences that can include exchange of languages and even sharing of information and knowledge. There are also spiritual and aesthetic benefits where different values are added to the emerged cultures, leading to social benefits. This usually promotes the community and indigenous people’s development, leading to more stable communities (Butler, 2007). On the other hand, tourism is also associated with some adverse and negative e ffects that always affect the indigenous people. Some of the disadvantages of tourism to the indigenous people include, environmental destruction and degradation, cultural destruction or erosion of cultures, dangerous lifestyle (for example, introduction of use of some illegal drugs), and unstable market because it only provides seasonal market and job. Here I will start by mentioning some of the environmental problems caused by tourism. Accordingly, tourism is one of the sectors that lead to environmental degradation to the indigenous people due to noise pollution, incidences of forest fires, and even the destruction of sand dunes in some areas (Butler, 2007). Secondly, tourism mostly leads to erosion of cultures in some cases where individual indigenous people interact with tourists. This is because tourists always come with some diverse cultures that indigenous people usually want to emulate, thereby leading to erosion of their culture. At times, some cultures are not ethical, le ading to loss of morals by the indigenous people. Again, in some cases, the indigenous people may even lose their language and start emulating the tourists’ languages (Butler, 2007). Lastly, tourism leads to poor marketing due to the seasonal jobs that it provides. In addition, tourism sometimes leads to unstable market because it is only available during some seasons and is very limited some times. Besides, some tourists always come with unethical businesses that are not accepted by the country government, leading to conflict between the indigenous people and the government (Butler, 2007). In conclusion, although there are some disadvantages of tourism, the benefits tourism brings to the indigenous community and people, far outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, it is important that more marketing strategies be included by the indigenous people in order to attract more tourists to increase economic development of the indigenous communities.Advertising We will write a cu stom essay sample on Tourism and Indigenous People in marketing in general specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the current availability of internet and social media, it is important that the indigenous people take advantage of this technology and use it constructively in order to promote the tourism sector; this will bring more profits to them. If possible, it will also be very important if the government can provide marketing scheme strategies in order to promote tourism industry to continue benefiting the locals and indigenous people (Butler, 2007). In addition, the indigenous people should also enhance their knowledge expansion through trainings in order to provide better tourist services, as it is only through education that the indigenous people will benefit fully from the tourism sector and services provision. In my opinion and feelings, it will be very important for the government to provide some financial support to the indi genous people to raise their tourism business and to have decent living conditions that would attract tourists to their destinations (Butler, 2007). In addition, I will say that it will be very important again if proper developmental plans including good security provision, equitable treatment to all without discrimination, and proper awareness is included among the indigenous people when making tourism policies and other frameworks. Furthermore, the challenges that the tourism industry comes with should be properly addressed to the extent of involving dialogue between tourists and the indigenous people to ensure that their mutual needs and goals are properly addressed. The indigenous people’s right to land and other resources that the tourism industry always undermines should be properly addressed (Butler, 2007). Therefore, in my view and opinion, the indigenous people benefit a lot from the tourism industry although there are some disadvantages to some extent. Therefore, it is important that more marketing procedures be employed in order to promote the indigenous people in the provision of tourism services. Reference Butler, R. T. (2007). Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, Issues and Implications. MA, Burlington, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Tourism and Indigenous People in marketing in general was written and submitted by user Amber K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.